The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced that its scientists invented a new electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) spectrometer. The spectrometer can measure the characteristics of the single photon source with high accuracy, making it possible for the future communication network to be vulnerable to hacking.

The new spectrometer can promote the realization of quantum communication networks. Quantum communication networks use single-ion light to send information. Because each information can be embedded in the quantum properties of a single photon, the laws of quantum mechanics make it difficult for the other party to decipher undiscovered information. Telecoms and other industries hope that the network can ensure information security. The equipment invented by NIST overcomes one of the major technical obstacles by measuring the spectral characteristics of photons. Compared with conventional spectrometers, its efficiency has been greatly improved.

There is a limitation to a single photon, that is, it cannot transmit over 100 kilometers through a fiber optic cable or it will disappear. Quantum networks capable of handling global communications require periodic sites that can capture photons and transmit them again without loss of information. The new NIST spectrometer can help "quantum repeaters" interact more efficiently with photons.

The key to the operation of the quantum repeater is the memory component, which uses the set of atoms to simply store the photon information and resend it at the right moment. Its operation involves the energy structure of an atom, but when an atom captures a photon, the energy level of the atom rises to a higher state. In an ideal state, atoms return to their original state and emit energy as another photon. Since not all photons can interact well with atoms, this requires the correct color or wavelength to be absorbed by the atoms. To make a reliable repeater, it is necessary to measure the photon wavelength more accurately than the conventional spectrometer.

NIST scientists use electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) technology, which uses atomic capabilities to define light at specific wavelengths. At the same time, the device can incorporate other processes to extend the performance of the new EIT spectrometer to any other wavelength range without affecting spectral resolution, high wavelength accuracy and high detection sensitivity. This will provide a reliable tool for constructing effective quantum repeaters at night.

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