CNC milling machine programming basics

CNC milling machines can mainly mill planes, grooves, and surfaces, as well as complex cavities and bosses. CNC milling machine spindle installation milling tool, under the control of the processing program, the workpiece mounting table along the X, Y, Z three coordinate axis movement, by constantly changing the relative position between the milling tool and the workpiece, processing meets the requirements of the drawings The artifacts. Because the numerical control system of the numerically controlled milling machine is different, there are certain differences in the definition and function of the instruction used, but its basic function and programming method are still the same.

1. The main functions of CNC milling machine

1) Point control function The position control of CNC milling machine is mainly used for hole machining of workpieces, such as center drilling positioning, drilling, reaming, boring, reaming, and boring and other hole machining operations.

2) Continuous Control Function Mills the workpiece's plane and surface through linear interpolation, circular interpolation, or complex curve interpolation motion of the CNC milling machine.

3) Tool radius compensation function

If the workpiece contour is programmed directly, the actual contour will be larger by a tool radius when machining the contour of the workpiece, and the actual contour will be smaller by a tool radius when machining the contour of the workpiece. Using the tool radius compensation method, the CNC automatically calculates the tool center trajectory so that the tool center deviates from the contour of the workpiece by a tool radius, thereby machining the contour that meets the requirements of the drawings. The tool radius compensation function is used to change the tool radius compensation amount, and the tool wear amount and machining error can also be compensated for rough machining and finishing of workpieces.

4) Tool length compensation function Changing the compensation amount of the tool length can compensate the length deviation value of the tool after tool change. It can also change the plane position of cutting and control the axial positioning accuracy of the tool.

5) The fixed cycle machining function applies fixed cycle machining instructions, which can simplify the machining program and reduce the programming workload.

6) Subroutine function If the workpiece is shaped like or similar, it is programmed into a subroutine and called by the main program, which simplifies the program structure. The function of the reference subroutine makes the processing program modular, and divides it into several modules according to the process of the machining process. They are written into subroutines and called by the main program to complete the processing of the workpiece. This modular program facilitates machining commissioning and optimization of the machining process.

7) The special function configures the profiling software and profiling device on the CNC milling machine. It uses the sensor to scan and collect the data on the object. After the data processing, the NC program is automatically generated to realize the profiling of the workpiece and realize the reverse machining project. In short, after deploying certain software and hardware, it can expand the use of CNC milling machines.

2. CNC milling machine processing range

1) Plane machining The milling plane of CNC machine tools can be divided into the horizontal (XY) machining of the workpiece, the positive plane (XZ) machining of the workpiece and the side plane (YZ) machining of the workpiece. As long as the use of two-axis semi-controlled CNC milling machine can complete such a plane of milling.

2) Surface machining If milling a complex surface, you need to use a three-axis or even more axis-linked CNC milling machine.

3. Equipment for CNC milling machines

1) The universal clamps for the fixture CNC milling machine mainly include flat jaws, magnetic chucks, and pressure plate devices. For the processing of large quantities or complex shapes of the workpiece must be designed combination fixture, if you use pneumatic and hydraulic fixtures, through the program control fixture, to achieve the automatic mounting of the workpiece, you can further improve work efficiency and reduce labor intensity.

2) The most common milling cutters for cutters are end mills, face mills, profile cutters and hole cutters.

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