The production process of open pit mining includes piercing and working face perforation, charge blasting, loading and transportation, ore transportation to the crushing field or dressing site, rock and soil transportation to the waste rock field. In open-pit mining, it is usually divided into horizontal stratification of a certain thickness, mining from top to bottom and maintaining a certain advanced relationship. During the mining process, each work level is spatially stepped, and each step is a step or stage. Steps are one of the basic components of an open pit and are the unit of independent stripping and mining operations.

The naming of the steps is generally expressed in terms of the elevation of the flat plate, such as the lOOm level. The steps can be divided into work platforms, safety platforms, transportation platforms and cleaning platforms according to their uses.

The final slope is the slope formed by the steps left after the end of mining to reach the final interface, and its position is generally fixed. The angle between the final slope and the horizontal plane is called the final slope angle. It is of great significance in the design and production of open pit mines. Its size directly affects the production capacity of open pit mining and open pit mines.

The main safety issues of open pit mines include safety problems in blasting operations, safety problems during mechanical operation, safety issues in transportation, safety issues in power use, safety issues in slope stability and drainage, and safety issues at the stage.

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