American physicists have developed a simple optical technique for tracking blurred or covert objects. This method uses stochastic light signals to detect moving objects that are obscured by smoke, clouds, or other scattering media. Researchers say the technology can be used in the biomedical field not only for military and civilian surveillance but also for microwave radar and lidar limitations.

Remote tracking of moving objects has been widely used in military and civilian surveillance. For example, microwave radar and lidar are capable of transmitting electromagnetic waves - in which microwave radar uses microwave signals, which use ultraviolet light, visible or near infrared light to propagate - and analyze electromagnetic waves reflected by objects.

Although radar is a powerful tool, there is no obstacle between the radar antenna and the object, and the detection capability of the radar will be greatly diminished if the electromagnetic wave is scattered by clouds, rain and smoke. Although the shadowed object can be tracked by multiple imaging, this requires complex equipment and data processing. If these scattering effects due to various kinds of interference are enhanced, the tracking effect of the technique will be worsened or even tracked.

The natural noise of the light interferes with the target position hidden in the smoke

Part of the problem with this problem is that traditional techniques have to rely on regular wave pulses at one particular frequency or some combination of certain frequency signals for tracking obscured objects. Aristide Dogariu, a member of the research team at the University of Central Florida in the United States, said: "If there is a regular signal, some of which are deterministic, the signal passes through some interference and it is damaged - more or less dependent on the interference strength."

The signal that has been destroyed will not be destroyed again

To solve this problem, Dogariu and Milad Akhlaghi of the University of Central Florida tried another solution. In their latest study, published in Optica, presented a technique for tracking moving targets masked by scattering media using stochastic light, or "noisy" light signals. This attempt succeeds because, despite the fact that the noise optical signal has been destroyed by the interference, its average nature is still more stable than regular signals. Dogariu said: "The signal has been destroyed will not be easily destroyed again."

Dogariu and Akhlaghi developed a statistical method that enables them to distinguish, at the lightwave frequency, light fluctuations that are reflected from moving targets and scattered by the scattering medium. However, this method works only if the target and the scattering medium are moving at different speeds, which means that they will each return a different spectral combination.

Dogariu explains: "When you get the change in light intensity, you can get the light spectrum of these fluctuating light sources, and you can look for different frequency bands in this light spectrum. This operation can be done in real time because no complicated calculations are needed - this It's just a light source spectroscopy. "

The researchers tested the idea and put a small object in a Plexiglas box with a scattering coating of synthetic acrylic on the surface of the box. Then they use a light source to shine a beam of coherent light on the walls of a scattering box to create a secondary light source inside the box. The beam scatters onto the object and creates more randomness, returns through the acrylic box walls, passes through a tube containing a photomultiplier tube, and the photodetector detects the optical signal. By statistically analyzing the signal, researchers can track the complete three-dimensional trajectory of the object. This is an effective way to measure the signal taken from anywhere outside the scattering box.

Further details

This technique does not provide detailed information about the object being tracked, but only the direction and rate of movement of the object and the approximate shape of the object based on the strength of the object's reflected signal. As Dogariu explains, wanting to know more about objects requires more expensive and complicated testing, he adds: "It's just a simple way to detect whether an object is moving or not and where it's going."

Researchers are currently planning to test in realistic outdoor environments, adding that while they validate this detection technique in optical bands, this method should also apply to both acoustic and microwave signals. They are also exploring the biomedical potential of this technology.

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