Due to the weakening demand and the unfavorable global macroeconomic situation, the prices of Asian refined terephthalic acid (PTA) products have fallen sharply recently, leading to sharp declines in profits or even losses for manufacturers. The PTA industry started to cut operating rates from October. In order to reduce losses, manufacturers are brewing further reductions in production. Currently, the price difference between PTA and paraxylene (PX) has been reduced to 90 ~ 110 US dollars / ton, and this year from January to April the price difference between the two products had as much as 300 to 400 US dollars / ton. For most Asian PTA producers, the spread should be at least $150 to $180/ton if it is to preserve capital. Manufacturers said that if this situation continues, there will be more devices to reduce production.

November 18 PTA prices have fallen from the 16-year high of US$1515 to US$1530 (CFR, the main port of China) at the end of March to US$1045 to US$1050 per ton (CFR, the main port of China). Market analysts pointed out that due to the tight cash flow at the end of fiscal year 2011, and fewer new orders, the downstream textile industry slowed down, textile mills shut down or lower production, the demand for PTA decreased, it is expected that by February next year, the situation is not Will improve. At the same time, the euro zone debt crisis and concerns about the US economic weakness continue to affect the trend of the stock and commodity markets, leading to market sentiment pessimistic. The recent shutdown of the plant resulted in a reduction of 6.73 million tons/year of supply in Asia in November, accounting for 15% of total production.

As profitability turned negative, China Taiwan’s China Petrochemical Corporation (CAPCO) and Korea’s Sannan Petrochemical took the lead in shutting down some of the PTA production facilities. Sinopec and Xianglu Petrochemical, Mitsubishi Chemical of Japan, and Indorama (Thailand) have also shut down their plants. In early November, Shanghai Petrochemical shut down its 350,000-tonne/year PTA plant for one-month maintenance. Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fiber also closed its 350,000-tonne/year PTA plant on November 10, and plans to suspend production for three weeks. Mitsubishi Chemical shut down its 130,000-ton/year PTA plant in Barat, Central Java, Indonesia, for a four-week overhaul in mid-November, and the company also advanced its 800,000-tonne/year in Haldia, India. The PTA unit No. 2 was overhauled and it was planned to be overhauled early next year. Thailand’s Indahram plans to close its 700,000-ton/year PTA plant in Rayong Province on November 20th.

In addition, China Xianglu Petrochemical plans to close its 1.65 million tons/year PTA plant in Fujian Province on November 25 for one-week overhaul. In addition, Yisheng Petrochemical in China is also considering closing its Zhejiang 600,000 tons/year No. 1 PTA plant and plans to reduce its 2.2 million tons/year PTA plant loading rate in Dalian in December.

Sleeping Bag

A sleeping bag (sleeping bag) is a bag used for sleeping. The vast majority of sleeping bags on the market are labelled with a comfort temperature and an extreme temperature. The comfort temperature is the range of temperatures at which the user sleeps throughout the night, with a maximum and a minimum. The maximum comfort temperature is the kind of heat you feel in a sleeping bag but not when you are sweating profusely, and is generally defined as a sleeping bag with the zip open, arms outside and the head of the bag not tightened, etc.

Development history
Early humans were using animal fur to make warm clothing and sleeping mats, which are still used today, including by the Eskimos living near the Arctic. early 19th century explorers and mountaineers began to test different sleeping bag systems, early sleeping bags were filled with camel hair, which has excellent insulation properties, and then a hollow rubber air mattress was invented and used in the 18th century In 1861 Francis Fox Tuckett tested the first Alpine sleeping bag prototype, and in the mid-1860s the envelope sleeping blanket design began to be perfected, and near the ground are hollow rubber coating as a ground thermal insulation layer.

The role of the sleeping bag is simply to keep heat loss to a minimum, while the body inside the sleeping bag is constantly generating heat to keep warm, the amount of heat generated varies from individual to individual and from situation to situation, all sleeping bag temperature calibration systems are based on a standard human body, but such a standard human body basically does not exist. A sleeping body has approximately 75-100 watts of thermal power, which translates into approximately 47-55 watts per square metre based on the surface area of the body. The amount of energy produced by metabolism is very complex and relates to age, gender and even the amount of fat under the body, but by and large a fit young male always produces far more body heat than an older man or woman. The perception of cold is related to age and experience, with novices generally feeling colder than experienced climbers. People who work outdoors a lot feel warmer in cold conditions than those who work in an office a lot.

Use
Whether it is a down or synthetic cotton sleeping bag, try not to compress it up when it is not in use for a long period of time to keep it as fluffy as possible, and it is good to get a proper tan. The purpose of this is to maintain the nature of down and cotton and extend the life of the bag, especially for down sleeping bags, try to keep them in a special down sleeping bag storage bag (loose breathable cotton bag). As a personal hygiene product, try to avoid borrowing each other's sleeping bags.
When using a sleeping bag there are several ways to improve warmth.
Equip a good quality moisture-proof pad, which is very important, as anyone who camps a lot has experienced, if the cold air goes straight from the ground to the back, that kind of cold is unbearable; drink a hot drink before bed if possible, milk and fruit jelly are fine to warm up the body.
Eat a comfortable meal before bedtime, especially with carbohydrates (starches, sugars).
wearing a long set of thermal underwear and clean socks will be very effective.
wearing more clothes when the sleeping bag is not warm enough, or covering the sleeping bag with clothes and other items.
sharing a tent with a larger number of people.
lighting a gas lamp or cooker in the tent if it is safe to do so.
Build a fire. There are so many ways to do this, so try them out when it matters.

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