Do you know how the differential works?

January 20 15:07:38, 2024


The differential, which is an indispensable and important institution in both trucks and cars, was invented more than a hundred years ago by the French company Renault’s founder “Louis Reno” and has been in use ever since. We all know that when the vehicle is turning, the differential automatically adjusts the speed of the wheels on both sides. What does it look like and how does it work?


It is composed of a differential case, planetary gears on the left and right side axle teeth and a cross shaft. The driven gear of the final drive gear is mounted on the differential case and becomes a unity with the differential, in other words, on the axle. The differential is an assembly with the final drive, which is inside the final drive.

The role of the differential is first to change the direction of the power transmission, to transmit power through both sides of the semi-axial wheel, when the vehicle turns, it is automatically realized that the two axles rotate at different speeds on both sides, so that the wheels do not roll as much as possible. In equidistant motion, reducing the resistance when turning also reduces tire wear.


The planetary gears inside only orbit around the axle gears. At this time, the differential speeds of the two wheels are equal and the vehicle is in a straight-line state.

When turning, the resistance received by the wheel on the inner side of the curve becomes larger. This resistance is reflected on the side gear through the half shaft, forcing the planetary gears to start spinning and slowing down the speed of the inner side gear of the curve. Speed ​​up, that is, the speed of the inner wheel is slow and the speed of the outer wheel is faster, so that the wheels on both sides automatically become unequal movements.


The above is a wheel-mounted differential installed on the drive axle of a single transaxle vehicle. If it is a 6x4 or 8x4 vehicle, because it is driven by two transaxles, it must be in order to cope with some road conditions. An inter-axle differential is set between the two drive shafts.


Because of the undulation or special road conditions of dual-drive vehicles, the speeds of the two drive axles also produce inconsistent phenomena. The axle differential is set to adapt to these conditions. It is usually installed in the transition of the first drive axle. In the gearbox, the working principle is the same as that of the inter-wheel differential.


In some special cases, the differential will also play a negative role. For example, when one side wheel encounters the ice in the winter, it will automatically distribute the power to the party with low resistance due to the effect of the differential. This will cause a single problem. Side wheel slipping vehicles can't travel, and the role of differential locks is apparent at this time. Differential lock simply means that the two sides of the axle into a rigid shaft, so that the differential stops the two sides of the wheel at the same time be driven to help get out of the trap.
The differential locks on our trucks are basically mechanical. It is the function of the differential lock through the engagement and disengagement of a sliding sleeve. However, in use, we must pay attention to, when the differential is locked, the vehicle can not make a turn, if forced to turn will cause damage to the differential, so be sure to pay attention when using it, will be poor after the break out The quick lock is lifted to avoid unnecessary loss.


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