Limitations of traditional closed-structure CNC systems Traditional closed systems have many limitations, mainly in the following aspects. (1) Due to the closed structure of the traditional CNC system, it is difficult for the machine tool manufacturer to flexibly configure the functions and user interface of the CNC system according to its actual situation, and it is difficult to integrate the experience of the machine tool manufacturer. (2) The function expansion is difficult. Modern manufacturing requires CNC machine tools to be expanded or converted under certain conditions to accommodate new production requirements, but the extended functionality of closed architectures is either impossible or costly. (3) The security of user investment is threatened. There are two reasons for this: First, the system is difficult to convert, the systems produced by various manufacturers are incompatible with each other, and it is impossible for users to switch from one manufacturer to another; second, the system upgrade is difficult, and the development of manufacturing is often on the CNC. The system puts forward higher requirements, but the upgrade of closed architecture is often very difficult.

(1) Compatibility, compatible with various software and hardware resources provided in the market; (2) Flexible function, which can increase or decrease system functions by increasing or decreasing modules according to user requirements; (3) Communication function, system can achieve and Communication and coordination of other application systems. It is easy to realize that the CNC system is moving toward an open structure. Specifically, an open CNC system based on a PC bus has the following advantages. (1) Retain a complete operating system environment (such as Windows) for users, so that users can use the various resources provided by the operating system to maximize the characteristics of the PC; using the PC's rich software environment, the users of the system can be used. The interface is designed to be very friendly, bringing the product closer to the requirements of ergonomics. (2) PC mature hardware technology can reduce developer hardware development, debugging and maintenance costs, and shorten the development cycle. At the same time, the user has more hardware to choose from, which avoids the limitation of replacing the hardware by the CNC of the special machine, so that the speed of the system update is faster and the cost is reduced. (3) It can increase the user's configuration flexibility and reduce the system's service and maintenance costs. At the same time, when the advanced technology of the computer is available, these technologies are also available to CNC users. (4) The CNC has an open architecture, which facilitates the integration of FMS and CIMS. It can be integrated not only in the factory environment, but also through other computer networks through computer networks. Based on the above considerations, the overall scheme of the CNC engraving system uses PC as the hardware platform, develops the motion control card based on PC bus, and selects the stepping motor and drive unit reasonably; uses Windows operating system as the software platform to develop the application program with Visual C++.

The overall design of the hardware Many designers favor dual CPU or multi-CPU architectures to improve the real-time control of the system and the modularity of tasks. Although multi-machine systems have their advantages, they also have some shortcomings. For example, tasks between CPUs need to be coordinated, data communication is required between them, and hardware design is complicated. It is often necessary to program in different languages. The software design workload has increased, which has increased the difficulty of development. Multi-machine systems are not as high as we think because of the additional overhead required for coordination and data communication. Since the computing speed of the PC is getting faster and faster, and the timing of the control cycle is realized by the method of hardware interrupt, the CPU of the PC can fully realize the requirements of the numerical control system. The overall hardware design of the system is briefly described below. The system adopts the PC bus industrial control machine, and selects the appropriate stepping motor drive unit by means of the self-developed motion control card, thereby realizing the control of the X, Y and Z axis stepping motors.

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