“Our country is in the transition from a large internal combustion engine to a powerful one. The internal combustion engine industry faces severe challenges in terms of technology, market, and industrial restructuring.” Xing Min, executive vice chairman and secretary-general of China Combustion Engine Industry Association, was in the fourth The second member congress and the second quadrennial councilor (expansion) meeting were expressed.

The challenge of rapid technological development

The internal combustion engine has entered a high-tech era. Faced with the increasingly stringent environmental, energy, and sustainable development requirements of countries around the world, large multinational corporations and companies are currently using various high-tech means to develop low-emission, ultra-low emissions, and quasi-zero. Emissions, zero emissions technology.

In order to meet increasingly stringent emission regulations, the development of low-emission gasoline engines, diesel engines, single clean fuel (hydrogen fuels, etc.) engines, and research and development of electric, fuel cell power, and hybrid power have become the mainstay of major auto companies and engine companies in the world. research direction.

Xing Min pointed out that the focus of innovation in internal combustion engines is energy conservation and emission reduction, and development of diversified power. The overall energy saving and emission reduction standards and implementation timetable formulated by the country with reference to the international R&D level have brought considerable pressure to the company.

The lack of independent innovation capability and the lack of industry-wide core technologies are undoubtedly the serious challenges that the internal combustion engine industry in China will face.

The challenge from the market Xing Min believes that the challenges from the market are divided into three levels.

First, multinational corporations have placed the Chinese market at the center of global strategic development. They have used sole proprietorships or holdings to build factories in China and have integrated them into their production bases for components and engines.

Second, due to stricter environmental laws and regulations, rising prices of energy and raw materials, and vicious competition in the market, low-end diesel engine products have entered a difficult period of development. The development of small-scale internal combustion engines (motorcycles, general-purpose vehicles, and agricultural vehicles) has to a certain degree. Due to the constraints, it is difficult to meet the rapid growth of domestic and foreign markets; in the field of high-power diesel engines (for marine, locomotive, and stationary power stations), the introduction of technology is urgently needed for digestion, absorption and re-innovation to solve the rapid development of the shipbuilding industry and supply of self-owned brands Slow problem.

Third, the financial crisis hit economic entities and brought negative effects on the export of internal combustion engines.

The adjustment of industrial structure is the only way for China's internal combustion engine industry to become stronger and stronger, and the challenges from structural adjustment are also more complicated. Xing Min listed several important aspects.

First, there are characteristics of industrial structure and product structure, but lack of international market competitiveness at the technical level. The spare parts industry lacks the strength of independent innovation and development. In particular, after the global economic recovery, the total supply of the market will face the requirements of technology, materials, and regulations. Under the new challenges, the current industry's coping strategies, programs and capabilities are insufficient.

The second is weak product competitiveness. The advantages of China's internal combustion engine industry lie in the field of heavy-duty vehicle diesel engines, while the weak position is the power of light vehicles and non-road mobile machinery. Passenger car gasoline engines have no overall strength and no right to speak, let alone advantages.

Third, China's internal combustion engine industry is dominated by the global Americas (mainly in North America), Europe, and East Asia (Japan, South Korea) dominated the large-scale internal combustion engine manufacturing market, with no other characteristics except large production capacity.

Among them, the regional scale is not prominent, no features, in addition to the single-cylinder diesel engine dominated by Changzhou region enjoys a certain reputation in Asia, automotive, engineering machinery, agricultural machinery and other fields, especially in the multi-cylinder machine industry without regional brand There is no scale advantage for the group, and there is no team scale driven by the brand.

Fourth, the basic parts and components industry is still cluttered. The main performance is that there are not many spare parts manufacturing companies and the independent R&D foundation is weak; the joint venture brands of component manufacturing companies dominate, and the phenomenon of discourse power is particularly prominent; ignition type, compression ignition type internal combustion engine fuel oil System manufacturing companies face the monopoly and competition of well-known international companies in the domestic market, and Chinese-funded enterprises have no technological advantage at all.

Fifth, the pressure on environmental protection has increased. Carbon dioxide emitted by transportation, agriculture, and industrial machinery with the internal combustion engine as its main driving force accounts for a large proportion of the total environmental emissions, which is directly related to the rapid increase in the production and possession of automobiles. There is 12% of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Exhaust emissions from vehicles (think of emissions from internal combustion engines such as industrial/agricultural/other transport).

In addition, China's non-road mobile machinery diesel engine emissions can not be ignored, China is not only a large automobile production, but also a non-road mobile machinery production and consumption of power. According to recent statistics from the National Environmental Protection Agency, China's non-road mobile engine particulates (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions account for 61% and 42.2% of the total mobile emissions. The proportion of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOX), and particulates (PM) emitted by agricultural and agricultural vehicles is as high as 89.7% in non-road mobile machinery emissions. 89.8%, 71.8% and 87.5%.

Sixth, from the perspective of energy supply, there is an urgent need for energy-saving products. Since 2000, the annual consumption of gasoline and diesel in automobiles (including low-speed trucks) accounts for more than 50% of China’s total oil consumption. In view of the increasingly severe environmental and energy pressures, the Chinese government has specifically formulated the “China’s National Plan for Addressing Climate Change”. "Energy conservation and emission reduction have become China's basic national policy.

In the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" of China's auto development plan, China proposed that by 2010, the target of achieving a 15% reduction in fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of new cars compared to 2005.

The National Medium- and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development Plan (2006-2020) places an important position on the development of low-energy and new-energy vehicles; it calls for a major focus on the development and design of hybrid vehicles, alternative fuel vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles. And manufacturing technology, power system integration and control technology, automotive computing platform technology, high-efficiency low-emission internal combustion engine, fuel cell engine, power battery, drive motor and other key component technologies.

From the perspective of the development of the internal combustion engine industry in advanced countries in the world, the internal combustion engine industry in advanced countries has entered a period of high technology, high input, and high output. Multinational companies mostly use global resources to develop and grow themselves. The speed of new product development, product performance, brand, quality, cost, and after-sales service have become decisive factors for the competitiveness of international internal combustion engine companies. At present, the gap between China's internal combustion engine industry and multinational companies is relatively large, and it faces severe challenges.

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A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat, usually to transfer heat from one fluid to another without them mixing. A heat exchanger usually consists of a number of parallel pipes in which one fluid flows through the pipe and another fluid flows through the outside of the pipe. In this way, heat can be transferred from one fluid to another for heating or cooling purposes. Heat exchangers are widely used in many industries, such as chemical, pharmaceutical, food processing, air conditioning and heating systems, etc.

Heat exchanger usually consists of the following components:
1. Heat exchange pipe: Pipe used to transfer heat, usually made of metal materials, such as copper, stainless steel, etc.
2. Heat exchange surface: A surface used to transfer heat, usually consisting of metal sheets or pipes. The greater the surface area, the higher the heat transfer efficiency.
3. Housing: Housing, usually made of metal or plastic, used to secure heat exchange pipes and surfaces.
4. Seals: Seals used to prevent media leakage, usually made of rubber or silicone rubber.
5. Support: A support used to support a heat exchanger, usually made of steel or cast iron.
6. Import and export pipes: pipes used for medium entry and exit, usually made of metal or plastic.
7. Cleaning hole: A hole used to clean the inside of the heat exchanger, usually located on the upper or side of the heat exchanger.
8. Insulation layer: Insulation layer used to keep the temperature of the heat exchanger stable, usually made of glass wool or polyurethane foam.

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