Optical New Materials and Biomolecular Tracking Applications Are Popular

Since the implementation of NNI, the United States has made breakthroughs in the basic research of nanotechnology. In applied research and product development, the United States has developed rapidly in four major hotspots such as semiconductor chips, cancer diagnostics, new optical materials, and bio-molecular tracking. Among them, the application of optical new materials and tracking of bio-molecules is a hot topic of research.

Microelectronics: Lithography

In the field of semiconductor chips, nanotechnology experts in the United States currently make nanoscale semiconductor materials into transistors. In this way, more transistors can be accommodated on a single chip, making the chip's computing speed 1000 times faster than traditional silicon chips. After making fundamental breakthroughs in 2001, this research direction is getting hotter in applied research.

IBM has developed carbon nanotube high-efficiency transistors in 2002 and manufactured terabit memory using micromechanical electronic system technology. In the manufacture of integrated circuit chips, ultra-ultraviolet photolithography technology has also begun to be used to enable chip manufacturing to achieve a quantum leap from micron to nanotechnology. In the near future, molecular electronics will completely replace microelectronics technology, and chip manufacturing will enter the era of molecular nanotechnology.

Structural Chemistry: Nano Biotechnology

At present, scientists in the United States are studying recombinant DNA molecules. This study is of pioneering significance for the deconstruction and determination of new gene sequencing. In the field of bio-molecular tracking, scientists “stick” certain types of nanoparticles to biomolecules, and then use the luminescence properties of nanoparticles to study the whereabouts of biomolecules. This is very useful for studying the activities of HIV and other substances in the human body. Research is expected to achieve a breakthrough within a few years.

Nanotechnology applied to more fields

In the field of micro-mechanical systems, the United States has successfully developed controlled nano-motors, nano-motors, nano-lasers, nano-springs, and other achievements, and its controllable nano-motors are made of a spin-protein fragment with a width of only 11 nanometers. In the future, it can be used to drive nanomachines such as drug delivery systems. In addition, the application of nanotechnology in the energy field has also become a new concern, and nano-hydrogen storage technology has become a key project. The American academic community has focused on the search for nanomaterial fibers that may be used for hydrogen storage. The relevant laboratories have already set hydrogen absorbing fibers to an average diameter of 35 nm.

At the same time, the hot spots in the medical field are potential application directions such as nano-medicine robots, nano-targeted drug carriers, and application of nano-particles in gene engineering protein synthesis. Hot spots in the field of microelectronics and information technology applications include nanoelectronic diodes and nanosensors. The hot spot in the chemical industry is the use of nanomaterials to improve the performance of catalysts, including catalysts for fuel cells.

"National Nanotechnology Plan" Creates New Economic Growth Point

In the past few years since the "National Nanotechnology Plan" was implemented, the United States has successfully maintained its leading position in the field of nanotechnology, and at the same time it has created new economic growth points through the industrialization of nanotechnology.

I. Coordinate the R&D input of various departments to promote cooperation and resource sharing

NNI has successfully coordinated input from the federal government to all levels of government and departments in various fields such as nanotechnology R&D. Participating departments support research and development from frontier basic research to marketization. In addition, various departments established a set of priority collaborative projects and shared resources through cooperation mechanisms, which have effectively promoted the development of nanotechnology in the United States.

The Albany Nano Center is one of the world's largest nanotechnology R&D centers. It is based at the State University of New York at Albany and is dedicated to accelerating the commercialization of high-tech products. The center provides technical support, integration testing, and other support services to help companies overcome obstacles in technology, market, and business development and form a large-scale R&D and production layout of nanotechnology products, becoming state government, federal government, research institutes, and industries. A model of community cooperation.

Second, strengthen the construction of nanotechnology infrastructure and provide hardware support

In fiscal year 2002-2003, NNI launched an initiative called the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network. This action is in line with the construction of nanotechnology centers of excellence, focusing on integrating existing resources, concentrating on strengths, and improving and upgrading infrastructure water. The goal is to build an equipment support system that can ensure the basic research and applied research of nanotechnology to be carried out effectively. By 2005, over 50% of national research institutions in the country were equipped with facilities for nano-study.

Third, the basic and applied research is a two-pronged approach, and cross-convergence of various disciplines

In terms of basic research, NNI has invested considerable human and financial resources in the research of biological systems, nanodevices and systems by utilizing the scientific advantages of national laboratories and universities. In applied research, it clearly shows the national needs and industry-driven characteristics.

The multidisciplinary cooperation research model produced by NNI has greatly improved the efficiency of basic research, and has also made application research more influential. The cross integration and coordinated development of nanotechnology, information technology, and biotechnology have enabled the results of basic research to become a point of reliance on application technology, leading to a leap in technology.

Fourth, pay attention to the results of transformation, seize the market opportunities

As a basic emerging field, the industry has generated strong demand for nanotechnology, especially in the fields of information technology and biopharmaceuticals. While NNI emphasizes the transformation of research results into innovative technologies as quickly as possible, the most basic approach to the transfer of nanotechnology in the United States is from research and development to the extension of product production, sales, and services.

V. Giving Priority to Training Nano-skilled Talents

The highly skilled army of employment is crucial to the research and development of nanotechnology. NNI puts the training of nano-knowledge education and professional and technical personnel on the priority of future work. Currently, 25% of research universities in the United States offer courses in nanoscience and engineering, and students in grade 12 (third year) receive education in nanotechnology.

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