1. Button-type alkaline zinc-manganese battery mercury-free technology and equipment The key technologies of mercury-free button alkaline zinc-manganese battery mainly include battery steel shell structure and surface coating treatment, anode mercury-free alloy zinc powder material, and cathode manganese dioxide material. With the electrolyte process formulation, the mercury content is less than 0.0005%. Key indicators are leak proof and storage performance. The promotion of this technology can achieve mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese battery, and reduce mercury consumption by 110 tons per year. At present, the annual output of button alkaline manganese batteries reaches more than 8 billion, of which 10% has reached mercury-free.

2. Cardboard zinc-manganese battery mercury-free, cadmium-free, lead-free technology, mercury-free, cadmium-free, lead-free cardboard, zinc-manganese battery, that is, mercury, cadmium, and lead content are less than 0.0005%, 0.002%, and 0.004%, respectively. The technical point is that the anode zinc alloy component and mechanical processing properties, organic and inorganic additives are combined into a slow-corrosion agent to replace mercury, electrolyte and positive electrode formulations. At present, the output of cardboard zinc-manganese batteries is about 18 billion, of which nearly 10% have achieved mercury-free, cadmium-free and lead-free. The promotion of this technology can make use of existing production lines to achieve mercury-free, cadmium-free and lead-free paperboard zinc-manganese batteries, with an annual reduction of 336 tons of lead, 118 tons of cadmium and 4 tons of mercury.

3. Winding sealed lead storage battery technology This technology adopts the extended lead grid and wound electrode structure to improve the high current discharge performance and high and low temperature performance, improve the lead battery power density, and reduce the lead loss per unit power density. /4. The wound-type sealed lead storage battery can replace the existing start-up type lead storage battery and is applied to the fields of ordinary automobiles and engineering vehicles, and can be used as a power battery for a light hybrid electric vehicle and a portable electric vehicle. At present, this technology has formed a batch capacity.

4. Pulling net, punching type, continuous casting and rolling type lead battery plate manufacturing process technology and equipment Leading battery positive plate and negative plate are the carrier of the active material as the grid. The wire mesh grid technology adopts cold extrusion molding, which can make the metal structure of the grid dense, and the corrosion resistance is obviously improved, and the grid is thinner than other processes, reducing the lead consumption, and the lead smoke and lead slag discharge is small. The new technology of grid manufacturing also includes punching, continuous casting and rolling technology. At present, the above-mentioned processes mainly achieve large-scale production through the introduction of foreign technical equipment.

5. Lead-free battery cadmium-free technology The cadmium-free technology is to use lead-calcium multi-alloy or other non-cadmium grid alloy instead of cadmium-containing grid alloy, the cadmium content is less than 0.002%. The promotion of this technology can reduce the consumption of cadmium by 1,800 tons per year, and eliminate the risk of cadmium pollution in the production, recycling and regeneration of lead batteries. At present, cadmium-free lead batteries account for about 15% of electric bicycle batteries.

6. Lead-acid battery internalization process technology At present, some automotive starter batteries, electric bicycle batteries and other product plates use an externalization process to produce a large amount of acid mist and acid-containing lead-containing wastewater. Promoting the internalization process of lead storage batteries can greatly reduce the production of lead-containing acid-containing wastewater and acid mist, and reduce the discharge of lead-containing wastewater by about 6 million tons per year.

Second, application technology

1. Paste-type zinc-manganese battery mercury-free technology Paste-type zinc-manganese battery is a low-cost traditional product with a total output of about 4 billion. It is characterized by the use of natural manganese dioxide or activated manganese dioxide in the positive electrode, but the material is more impurity. More, it is very difficult to achieve mercury-free. The mercury-free technology mainly includes improving the purity of the cathode material, adopting new materials, adjusting the electrolyte formulation, replacing mercury with inorganic and organic additive combinations, and using the existing production line to achieve mercury-free products. The promotion of this technology can reduce the annual consumption of mercury by 22 tons. The technology has been developed successfully and can be applied for demonstration.

2. The lead battery plate is externalized into a water-washing process after the lead-acid battery plate is externalized, and a large amount of lead-containing acid-containing wastewater is produced. The lead battery plate is externalized into a water-free washing process, and a special treatment liquid is used, or the chemical conversion plate is treated by a discharge and reverse charging protection method to realize the externalization of the electrode plate to avoid water washing, and the discharge of the lead-containing wastewater can be reduced by 90%. At present, the technology has been successfully developed and has pilot application conditions.

Third, research and development technology

1. Development of silver oxide battery mercury-free technology Silver oxide battery is mainly used in high-end electronic watches and electronic instruments. Its mercury content is about 1% of the weight of the battery, but it enters the environment directly after being discarded, posing a risk of contamination. In the absence of the recovery mechanism of silver oxide batteries, it is necessary to start from the source, speed up the development of new zinc powder alloys, mercury substitutes, electrolyte process recipes and battery steel shell structure and surface treatment technology to achieve mercury-free silver oxide batteries. Turn.

2. Research and development of new lead storage battery technology The development direction of new lead storage batteries is to reduce lead consumption, improve battery quality energy density, quality power density, cycle life and fast charging capability. At present, the research focuses on high-performance electrode materials and preparation methods, studies the new structure and manufacturing process of batteries, and improves energy density and power density. The new lead storage batteries include bipolar sealed batteries, super batteries, foam graphite batteries, etc., among which: (1) bipolar sealed batteries. The battery adopts a bipolar structure and uses a new ceramic material as a ruthenium film. Compared with the conventional battery, the battery has less lead consumption, light weight and small volume. It has the characteristics of long cycle life, high charge and discharge efficiency, low price and easy recycling. (2) Super battery. The lead in the negative electrode is partially or completely replaced by carbon. The battery has the characteristics of long cycle life, high charging rate, good power characteristics, excellent low temperature performance and light weight, and can be used as a power source for electric vehicles. (3) Foam graphite battery. The technical innovation of the foamed graphite grid sealed battery is that the lead grid is discarded, the active material is retained, and the graphite is replaced by foamed graphite, which is 70% less than the ordinary lead storage battery.

3. Research on lead-free technology for power-type lead-acid batteries and selection of lead-reducing additives and desulfurization additives to reduce the polarization of the discharge process of lead batteries, overcome the surface sulphation of the plates, reduce the internal resistance of the batteries, and improve the power characteristics of lead batteries. The lead storage battery used for high-power use such as startup type is reduced, and the lead consumption is reduced by more than 10% on the existing basis. Lead reduction technology includes the use of ultra-thin plate technology. The technology has been matured and applied abroad, and China is still in the research and development stage.

4. Large-scale and harmless recycling and recycling technology of waste lead storage batteries The risk of lead pollution in the recycling and recycling of used lead batteries is relatively high. At present, the key technology and equipment for recycling and recycling of lead-acid batteries are mainly imported. It is necessary to increase the core technology and equipment with independent intellectual property rights in research and development of machinery crushing, sorting, lead-desulfurization and lead regeneration, and to develop waste water, waste gas and waste residue pollution. Comprehensive prevention and utilization of technical equipment, to achieve the scale and harmless recycling of used lead storage batteries.

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