Discussion on Information Exchange of State Grid Corporation of China
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With the in-depth reform of the power system, how to guide the development of power informatization on a macro level, there is a lot of work to be done: the standardization of codes, the standardization of management, and the security of informationization.
From provincial companies, group companies to the State Grid Corporation of China, it is extremely difficult or even impossible to "unify the development, application and promotion of applications," and the exchange of information must be done. In the business system, the information between the top and bottom must communicate with each other; information between professional systems and between enterprises and enterprises must also be interoperable. To achieve interoperability, we have always emphasized code unity, database unity, and application unity. Indeed, after years of hard work, some professional systems have done a lot of work and achieved very good results. However, from a macro perspective, there are a lot of problems. If we have been doing a lot of work on code, database, and application, we may have little success. Can we change our mind here?
I. Proposal of the problem The State Power Corporation put forward the principle of “four unifications†in information construction at the information work conference in 2001, namely unified leadership, unified planning, unified standards and unified organizational development.
Unified organization development mainly refers to the application software platform. First of all, the company unifies the organization to research and formulate the overall framework, various major business management functions, vertical processes of various businesses, which level needs data, which level retains which data, and which data are used. Then study the horizontal exchange of data flow between various businesses, which data are exchanged mainly, and which data is exchanged at which level. The data presented here is a broad content, including at least data, documents, and data on production, statistics, funds, plans, and so on. The interface, data format, and data flow between these data should all be studied with emphasis on the development of uniform coding and exchange standards. Based on these developments, an integrated application software platform that can cover all of these businesses and is built on a unified operating system platform and a unified database can be used to build a unified application environment in provincial companies.
In the scope of the State Grid Corporation of China, how to achieve unified organizational development? From a vertical perspective: is the unified application of various subsystems, sharing a set of data from top to bottom, fully embodies the internal data sharing of the application subsystem; from a lateral perspective: There is also a problem of data sharing between application subsystems. The problem of being able to deal with these two aspects in a comprehensive manner is also rare in large foreign companies. Therefore, we must proceed from reality and develop a unique unified software platform solution that is consistent with the power system itself in view of the characteristics of power system application requirements.
We have carefully analyzed the main functions and usage of multiple application subsystems within the system range of the State Grid Corporation of China from vertical and horizontal aspects. From a vertical perspective: The level of informatization construction varies from place to place. In many businesses, the State Grid Corporation of China issued application software such as metering, safety supervision, and finance. These applications have somehow unified the format of some information in vertical direction, but the State Grid Corporation of China has applied these straight-down applications. The program is basically developed and used by the grassroots unit to report data (ie, statements). Its essence is the exchange of data. It does not involve the application of a true business. It is a separate piece. The data needs to be entered, and there are contradictions between the data input and some business management programs at the grassroots level. The sharing of resources is not enough. From a horizontal perspective, the data exchange between various application subsystems is achieved through the programming of specific interface programs. These interface programs are independent of each other and have a single function. They cannot establish a unified interface standard at the same time, and at the same time establish the relationship among various application subsystems. The lack of a unified basis for data sharing: First of all, the data code is not uniform, and the unit codes in the production subsystem and the planning subsystem are not completely unified; secondly, the definition of related data is not uniform, as some segments are defined in the production subsystem as DATA type, but in other subsystems is defined as TIMESTAMP type; there are middleware is not unified, some subsystems use advanced three-tier structure, but the three-tier structure of the application service platform is inconsistent, and some use WebLogic series With WebSphere series and so on. In order to deal with these two issues, it is difficult or even impossible to build a unified platform.
State Grid Corporation of China proposed in the "10th Five-Year Plan" informatization development goal: It will carry out information standardization according to the concept of modern enterprise management system, formulate a unified information standard specification, unified coding specification, unified data format, unified data storage, exchange, Management methods; unified preparation and release of information construction standards, technical standards and guiding principles, and standardize the work of power informatization. After analysis, we believe that to achieve "unified organization development" is to unify information exchange (data exchange) and formulate a unified exchange standard. Therefore, how to establish a unified information exchange within the system of the State Grid Corporation has become a top priority.
With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the continuous updating of IT technology and the continuous development of Internet technology continue to inspire us. Among them, the most exciting thing is the emergence of XML technology. Its emergence provides us with a unified information exchange. New ideas and technical guarantees.
Second, the introduction of XML technology XML (Extensible MarkupLan-guage extensible markup language) is inherited from SGML, XML is a subset of SGML. XML is a simple and standard way to define text data. XML tags are used to describe the concepts you describe, and attributes are used to control their structure. Both XML tags (elements) and attributes can be defined by the user. They can be defined very simply and intuitively. You can use Chinese to define the tags and attributes you want, so that others can understand what they mean. XML's data description mechanism means that it will become a powerful way to share information on the Internet, because XML is open, it can exchange data between different users and programs, regardless of its platform; XML's self-describing nature makes it It is an effective choice for B2B and intranet solutions; without prior coordination (easily read), we can share data between programs.
When using XML technology, the DTD (DocumentTypeDefinition) text type definition is an indispensable part. The DTD is a simple text file. It can be a stand-alone file or it can be embedded in an XML file. In the DTD, the elements of the XML can be defined to describe some entities, and some attributes are defined to describe some specific characteristics of the entity. The DTD file can be used to check the syntax of the XML file. At the same time, the related XML file can be constructed based on the DTD file. Currently in the IT industry, XML is widely used, such as VoiceXML: it defines a complete set of description specifications for voice technology, and VoiceXML itself is a DTD file. Similar are WML (Wireless Markup Language), CML (Chemical Markup Language) and so on.
We will encounter display problems when using XML, such as outputting XML files to the browser. How to make the XML file display in the browser beautiful and intuitive? Our first reaction is to use HTML language to describe the contents of the XML file, which is to achieve the translation between XML and HTML. For this reason, the XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language) extensible style language appears in the XML family. Using XSL can be easily implemented: from one XML term to another, just like translation; reorganization, filtering, and partial ordering of XML documents; and interpretation into another language.
In an article that discusses the ten technologies that affect future lives, XML technology ranks second. It can be seen that XML is a technology with great vitality that has extensive and far-reaching influence. On the current Internet, XML technology has been widely used, especially in online stores, libraries and other places. For example, some people want to buy a pair of shoes in an online store. First, he wants to land on the site. Then he chooses the style of the shoes he wants. Finally, he queries the shoes he wants based on the size and color of the shoes. In the business process of this website, XML technology can be fully used to make the data fully shared, as shown in Figure 1. 
The client sends a request through the browser. After receiving the request, the service program on WEBServer processes it into an XML form and sends it to DBServerl for query. If the query is found, the query is ended and the result is returned to the WEBServer service program in the form of XML. , After processing (can be converted into a more beautiful HTML file directly through the XSL) and then returned to the customer, if not found on the query to the DBServer2, ... until after all the data server search (where the data server is Different places). The advantage of adopting XML technology here is that the intermediate layer development does not need to consider the platform of the back-end database. Because the format of the returned XML-formatted data is unified, it is convenient to handle and is easy to transplant; for databases that are distributed in different geographies, there is no need to consider sending requests. The technical details of the party and the form of the final returned data only need to know the format of the pre-agreed XML or a well-arranged DTD document, so that the application is relatively independent and easy to develop using different development tools.
III. Standardized Data Exchange Because of the characteristics of the XML technology mentioned above, we believe that the best way for the State Grid Corporation to achieve unified information exchange is to use the XML technology to standardize the format of the exchange of information data and formulate corresponding standards. How to use XML technology to exchange information? Since the informationization construction of the national grid company within the system area is uneven and uneven, we have designed the following solutions for various situations.
3.1 Synchronization Methods Synchronize data in the network. This method is mainly used in the context of the State Grid Corporation, the network quality is relatively high, you can always hate the data request in the form of XML, get the XML form of data response, in order to complete the corresponding operation, as shown in Figure 2. 
For a single data information query: After defining the related data format, that is, the DTD document, we only need to form query conditions to form an XML stream that complies with the data exchange standard, and send it to the corresponding primary server, which is processed by the service program on the primary server. This XML stream is then queried, and the resulting data is generated into an XML stream that conforms to the data exchange standards, sent to the requester, and finally the requested XML stream is processed by the requesting program, and the final result is returned to the user in conjunction with the XSL file. .
For summary information query: According to the defined related data format, namely the DTD document, we send the request to the intermediate server, which is received and processed by the service on the intermediate server into an XML stream to poll the data of several grassroots companies. The corresponding processing program of the primary company returns the query result in the agreed XML format to the XML stream. The service on the intermediate server merges the received XML stream to form a complete XML stream, sends it to a specific processing program, and finally gets a summary. information.
For the mutual communication between the same level within the entire Guodian system (cross-professional data sharing): analyze the data that needs to be shared, and develop a shared format, that is, a DTD document. When the subsystem A uses the data of subsystem B, B To define the object and related methods and attributes, A can only obtain the XML stream containing data by calling B's related object methods and attributes. A parses the obtained XML data stream to get the data.
For data exchange between two peers: After defining the standard for data exchange, that is, the DTD document, each unit can protect its own private information by setting different sharing levels for related data. When A accesses the data of unit B, the related processing program of B returns an XML document to A. In this XML document, some private data will be determined according to the access level of A whether it is marked as empty, so that it is convenient to protect itself. data.
3.2 Asynchronous data transmission in the network asynchronous transmission. This method is mainly used in the State Grid Corporation, under the poor network quality environment, you can upload the data that you need to share in XML format to the specified server through SMTP, SOAP, FTP, etc. The place directly reads the XML document through the corresponding processing program to the local designated server, and displays the result after processing, so as to obtain the data asynchronously. Compared with the synchronous method, data is not transmitted in the form of a stream but is transmitted as a file. For the query of single data information, the query of summary information, the mutual communication between the same level within the entire Guodian system (inter-professional data sharing), and the four forms of data exchange between two units at the same level, and the synchronization method. Than do not need remote access, as long as the local processing can be.
In the above two kinds of data transmission methods, XML data can be encrypted and transmitted using various encryption methods. This is exactly how XML technology is safe and reliable.
To sum up, the establishment of a data exchange system based on XML technology and the development of a data exchange standard based on XML technology will play an invaluable role in elevating the informationization construction within the national grid system to a new level. After using the unified data exchange standard, as the leading management institution of the national power grid system, the State Grid Corporation of China will no longer need to consider the information platform, manufacturers, and databases of the grass-roots units when it comes to information sharing and information acquisition at the grassroots level in the future. The problem is to get rid of a lot of predicaments without standards and standards; at the same time, it has got rid of the situation where there is no place to start. It provides us with a very good entry point and is very operative. Thanks to the exhilarating advantages of XML technology, the exchange of data can be realized in real-time and secure and confidential. At the same time, based on the use of XML technology, the implementation of the code system becomes available.
4. It is suggested that in the process of implementing unified data exchange based on XML technology within the system of the State Grid Corporation of China, the State Grid Corporation shall stand at the highest point and lead, organize and coordinate all professional departments and grass-roots units to formulate a unified, A clear data exchange system and corresponding standards are formed; it is responsible for coordinating and supervising the modification of various data exchange methods in the original application subsystems so that they meet the established data exchange standards. The grass-roots units, under the leadership of the State Grid Corporation of China, actively cooperate with and organize the development of various data exchange standards, and on the basis of this, modify the various data exchange methods in the original application subsystems so that they meet the established data exchange requirements. standard. In this process, we must first determine an exchange system, and gradually implement one-by-one exchange standards according to priorities, from coarse to fine, from macro to micro, from single to comprehensive, and from simple queries to comprehensive analysis. Specific implementation of the following steps:
First, set standards for standards, that is, formulate some specifications for the preparation of information exchange (data exchange) standards, and then compile various standards for information exchange (data exchange) on the basis of norms;
Second, organize the implementation, select a few typical application subsystems, write a DTD file for information and data exchange, and then select a few typical grass-roots units and the State Grid Corporation of China for piloting, and implement information exchange through programming;
Thirdly, on the basis of the success of the second step, a comprehensive analysis of the information data exchange within the system of the State Grid Corporation of China is conducted, and a set of standards for the exchange of information and data, that is, DTD document, is formulated;
Fourth, to fully promote the standard of information and data exchange within the system of the State Grid Corporation of China.
After the standards for information data exchange have been formulated and promoted, the original program shall be upgraded. The development of the program shall be carried out at both ends of the information data exchange, and the information data exchange in the newly developed application subsystem software shall be This is the standard.