High-precision graphene sensors come out Detect indoor air pollution Health and well-being
Scientists at the University of Southampton and the Japan Institute of Advanced Science and Technology have developed a sensor that uses graphene as a raw material to detect indoor air pollution with high precision. This research was published recently in the journal Science Progress. The newly developed sensor senses carbon dioxide molecules and volatile organic compound (VOC) gas molecules from buildings and furniture. In recent years, the health problems caused by air pollution in personal living environment have been increasing day by day. The concentrations of these hazardous chemical gases are typically in the order of a few billionths of a ppb and are difficult to detect using existing environmental sensing techniques because these sensors can only detect this at ppb Gases. The graphene sensor developed by the research team, when energized, allows individual carbon dioxide molecules to be adsorbed onto the graphene material one by one, and their concentrations measured at the molecular level. Specifically, by monitoring the resistance of the graphene material, the adsorption and release of carbon dioxide molecules by the graphene material are detected in the form of "quantum" fluctuations in resistance. In the experiment, researchers took only a few minutes to detect the carbon dioxide gas at a concentration of about 30ppb.
Stamping (also known as pressing) is the process of placing flat sheet metal in either blank or coil form into a stamping press where a tool and die surface forms the metal into a net shape. Stamping includes a variety of sheet-metal forming manufacturing processes, such as punching using a machine press or stamping press, blanking, embossing, bending, flanging, and coining.This could be a single stage operation where every stroke of the press produces the desired form on the sheet metal part, or could occur through a series of stages. The process is usually carried out on sheet metal, but can also be used on other materials, such as polystyrene. Progressive dies are commonly feed from a coil of steel, coil reel for unwinding of coil to a straightener to level the coil and then into a feeder which advances the material into the press and die at a predetermined feed length.
Stamping is usually done on cold metal sheet. See Forging for hot metal forming operations.
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