[ China Instrument Network Instrument Development ] On January 8, 2019, the 2018 National Science and Technology Award was announced in Beijing. The National Science and Technology Awards were awarded 285 projects (persons). Among them, 38 national natural science awards, 67 national technical invention awards, and 173 national scientific and technological progress awards.
The “Key Technology Research on Major Changes in Temperature Units†project led by the China Institute of Metrology has won the first prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award. The project provided temperature traceability support in the development of the Long March series of rockets and the fourth generation of nuclear reactor research, achieving a major change in the definition of temperature units.
Temperature is one of the most widely used basic physical quantities, and its accurate measurement is related to scientific research, national defense security, energy environment and people's health. The innovative technology based on the development of the project provides a solution for the direct measurement of the core temperature of the fourth generation nuclear reactor of the national major project, which improves the level of temperature measurement and transmission in China, and provides temperature traceability support for important fields such as national defense and aerospace.
The redefinition of temperature units is the most significant change in the history of temperature measurement. Accurate determination of the Boltzmann constant is the premise and key to redefining. It is understood that in order to avoid systematic errors that may exist in a single method, CCT (International Commission on Metrology Temperature Advisory Committee), the highest authority for international temperature measurement, requires the use of at least two independent methods to achieve measurements with an uncertainty of less than 3 × 10-6. This requirement involves high-precision absolute measurements of multiple physical quantities and is a huge challenge to the precision measurement limits.
It is understood that the project aims to break through the technical bottleneck of redefining the necessary conditions and achieve the primary temperature measurement of absolute temperature. Two unique methods of fixed-stage cylindrical acoustic primary temperature measurement and quantum noise primary temperature measurement are proposed. Through "virtual fixed-stage cylindrical acoustic original temperature measurement method", "no-inductance error flux quantum control technology", "quantum noise primary-level temperature measurement technology with all-factor exact matching", "in-situ real-time real-time of cylindrical cavity sound field and internal length" A series of methods and techniques, such as the "accurate measurement method", obtained the Boltzmann constant measurement results of the uncertainty of 2.0×10-6 and 2.7×10-6, respectively, which are the best in the world.
The overall technical application of the project has improved the national temperature reference value transfer level. The innovative technology of the project promotes the new development of metrology science and technology, provides strong support for technological advancement in related application fields, and has significant social benefits.
The National Science and Technology Award is the highest award in the field of science and technology in China. It is divided into the National Science and Technology Award, the National Natural Science Award, the National Technology Invention Award, the National Science and Technology Progress Award and the People's Republic of China International Science and Technology Cooperation Award. Review once. In 2018, it was the start-up year for the reform of the national science and technology award system. The nomination system was implemented for the first time. Nominating indicators were no longer restricted for nominating units. The number of accepted projects increased sharply compared with previous years, and the competition was unprecedentedly fierce.
(Source: Science and Technology Daily, China Quality News, Xinhuanet)
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