Solar pressure type vacuum tube solar collector and its application Huang Yongnian pressure type vacuum tube solar collector (patent number: ZL 98110385.5) is set in the collector of the collector (or header) in the secondary change Thermal devices, this new type of full-heat-exchange all-glass vacuum tube collector compared with the current conventional vacuum tube collector, the cost is greatly reduced, and the high pressure, the vacuum tube does not foul, resistant to cold (to-503 Ambient temperature). This breakthrough not only allows the water tank to be separated from the heat collector, thus enabling the perfect combination of the solar water heater and the building, but also allowing millions of households to obtain high-end high-pressure solar water heaters or large-scale solar water heating systems at low prices. The number of hot water supply is 10 tons or even hundreds of tons.

The pressure-type vacuum tube solar collector adopts a special secondary heat transfer structure, so that the water in the heat exchange device is connected to the water tank through the circulating pump, and the system can withstand the high pressure. The water in the vacuum tube only acts as a heat transfer medium water. It is not directly connected to the water pump and the water tank and is almost at zero pressure. Silicone seal ring of vacuum tube is not easy to damage and eliminate running, running, dripping and leaking. Even if the vacuum collector tube is accidentally damaged and is not repaired in time, only part of the collector water is lost. This part of the collector does not work, but most collectors can still work normally. Since the medium water is basically not consumed, it can be regarded as free of calcium and magnesium ions, and there will be no scaling in the vacuum tube. In areas where the ambient temperature is as low as -503, simply add a little antifreeze to the water.

The new type of full-heat-exchange all-glass vacuum tube collector can be applied to different characteristics and different types of hot water systems in the slope roof, south wall elevation or south balcony, and is briefly introduced here.

The collector's requirements for the building The solar collector must meet as much solar energy as possible, so the sunny side of the southern slope should be as large as possible in order to install more collectors. The best angle of building orientation should be 5 to 10 degrees south to the west to avoid condensation on the surface of the vacuum tube in the morning and make full use of the heat collection effect at noon and afternoon. Sometimes considering other factors, the eastbound angle of the building is more than 20 degrees, and the thermal efficiency of the collector will be reduced, which can be solved by increasing the area of ​​the collector. The slope roof facing east or west is not suitable for installing the collector. The roof angle is recommended to choose 34 degrees (tga:1/1.5) if possible. The use of horizontal vacuum tubes to properly increase the tube spacing can effectively compensate for the low winter water temperature caused by the small roof angle.

Single-family solar hot water system This system is a pressure water tank for each household. The water tank is best placed in the bathroom ceiling or kitchen floor. The electric heater element is installed in the water tank, which is equivalent to a standard electric water heater. The rectangular sheet-shaped collector is installed on the south slope of the inclined roof. It can also be installed close to the wall of the south wall. It can also be used as a fence on the south balcony, which is very beautiful and harmonious. As with all electric water heaters, the top water method is used to take hot water, and the hot water pressure is large, and the bathing effect is better than the prior art solar water heaters that use hot water to obtain hot water.

Centralized solar water heating system This system is a hot water system for several households or whole buildings and multiple buildings, sharing a pressurized water tank. The water tank is placed in the basement. The tank is provided with electric auxiliary heating elements, and the entire system is controlled by the microcomputer according to weather conditions and water usage. Tap water is connected from the bottom of the tank and hot water flows out from the upper part of the tank automatically. The hot water pressure is equal to the tap water pressure, and no hot water circulating pump is required. The hot water pipes are arranged along the preset pipe wells and are well insulated. Each household has an interface, a valve and a metering meter. A hot water pipe is equipped with a return pipe and a miniature hot water pump at the end of several hot water pipes. The water in the hot water pipe is returned to the hot water tank at a constant temperature or time. This ensures that the user can achieve hot water at all times. The backup energy device of the hot water system may be an electric heater or a fuel oil furnace or a gas furnace.

High-rise buildings, solar hot water systems, high-rise buildings, roof area is relatively tight, you can use sunny walls or balconies. The outer wall of the balcony fence is very suitable for the separation system, and can also be used instead of the balcony railing in the south. The horizontal arrangement of the vacuum tubes can increase the horizontal lines of the building. For example, placing a collector from the bottom to the top of the south facade can provide the hot water supply for the entire building. For example, along the notch arrangement of the lighting slot in the south elevation, the collectors may not be provided with reflectors, and there is a space between the vacuum tubes and the lighting is not affected. For earlier buildings, there is difficulty in the construction of roofs and walls. Separate steel pillars can be provided 1 to 2 meters away from the south wall. Each two vertical pillars are arranged with a concentric collector from bottom to top to avoid lighting and ventilation. Affected, there can be no reflector. The vacuum tubes are arranged horizontally from east to west. In the United States, Dr. Gresser first proposed the idea of ​​building power stations in geosynchronous orbit. Since then, "power generation in space" has become the goal of many scientists.

Japanese scientists are pioneers in this regard. They first carried out experiments on solar energy Tang Lili's power generation experiments and microwave transmission technologies, and achieved remarkable results.

The envisaged space solar power stations are generally very large, as designed by the NASA. Japanese researchers came up with a Japanese version of a small solar power plant. A power station is about 200 meters x 500 meters in size and consists of two mirrors. These mirrors reflect sunlight to the solar cells and can generate electricity in 24 hours. The power generation capacity of each power station is about 8000 kilowatts. Dozens or even hundreds of power stations fly in formation to build a microwave power transmission and receiving system that is equivalent to a large-scale space solar power station.

With space-based solar power stations, the DC power generated by the huge solar panels widely distributed in space can be converted into microwaves and transmitted to the surface of the Earth by wireless transmission through transmission antennas.

The earth's surface must have a "powered antenna" to receive the microwave beam transmitted from the space's solar power plant, which converts the received microwaves into DC power. Excluding all kinds of consumption, space-based power generation results in a large gap between pipes, and the thermal efficiency and cost can basically maintain the desired level.

Rooftop garden solar hot water system For setting up a building on the roof garden, it is recommended to add a floating roof. The solar collectors made by this technology form a floating roof shape, and the north-south section profile can be designed as a curve required for a beautiful shape. The east-west direction of any of the section lines is a horizontal straight line. The vacuum tubes are arranged horizontally along the east-west direction. There are no reflectors, and a certain proportion of sunlight is necessary for plants and flowers. Pressure-bearing vacuum tube solar collectors have been used in single-family systems with about 503 available for the ground.

The size of the power receiving antenna is determined by the size of the transmission antenna of the solar power station in space. The diameter of the transmission antenna is 2 to 2.5 kilometers, and the receiving antenna must be equally thick. On the ground, where are the big antennas to be placed? Japan plans to put them on the uninhabited islands of the mainland. In this way, the electricity generated by the powered antenna can be converted to hydrogen by electrolyzed water, transported by oil tankers to Japan, and used as a fuel cell.

Why is it not because of the sky, why not use solar power on the surface of the earth, but to set up a solar power station in space? This is because about half of the 24 hours a day on the earth's surface cannot be generated by the night, and it is impossible to generate electricity in the rainy days. . Relatively speaking, a space solar power station located in the geosynchronous orbit can generate electricity except for the "losing" period in which it cannot be used to generate electricity twice a year, and the intensity of solar energy in the geosynchronous orbit is about twice that of the earth's surface. In addition, sunshine time is 4 to 5 times of the earth's surface, and the power generation is 8 to 10 times more than the surface of the earth. Solar power stations in space can be said to be a stable power supply source.

Whether the cost can reduce the total construction cost of the 1 million kilowatt-class Japanese space solar power station is 2.4 trillion yen. The unit price of the power generation is calculated based on the service life of the power station for 30 years, and is approximately 23 yen per 1 kWh. It is approximately nuclear power and thermal power. 2 times.

The establishment of a station is for profit, and the benefit has become a key issue.

The cost of sending space solar power station components to space accounted for more than 30% of the power station construction fee. Because the space solar power station is really a monster, it must be launched once with a rocket. Of course it is impossible. It must be launched several times, and then it must be assembled by space robots. Therefore, how to reduce transport costs is a headache. In addition to special robots will be assembled, but also to know how to repair.

The extent to which rockets and robots can be developed, and whether the cost can be reduced to profitable, is the key to the practical application of space solar power stations. Japan intends to launch experimental satellites 4 to 5 years later, and 40 years later to practicalize space solar power stations.

Implemented in thousands of homes, the centralized system has been used in nearly 100 projects across the country, and the system is stable and reliable. The perfect combination of solar collectors and buildings is a requirement of the times and a dream for many years. The new pressure-bearing vacuum tube solar collectors provide an effective technical route for this purpose. We are willing to work closely with all architects, engineers and professors of architectural design agencies, construction management agencies, universities and real estate development companies that are interested in the perfect combination of solar energy utilization and architecture.

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