What changes have been made to the peasant rights of agricultural hukou?
Rough Top Conveyor Belt SHIJIAZHUANG VITURE IMPORT AND EXPORT TRADING CO.,LTD ,
-- Focus 1: Does the peasant rights have an impact?
October 16 14:07:34, 2019
[China Agricultural Machinery Industry News] On September 19th, Beijing's "Implementation Opinions on Further Promoting the Reform of the Household Registration System" was officially promulgated. Up to now, 31 provinces across the country have issued their own household reform programs, and all canceled agricultural hukou, marking the two-century "city people" and "country people" dual household registration system in China has withdrawn from the historical stage.
What is the impact of canceling agricultural accounts on farmers? What benefits can farmers enjoy?
What changes have been made to the peasant rights of agricultural hukou?
In July 2014, the State Council issued the “Opinions on Further Promoting the Reform of the Household Registration Systemâ€, stating that “the establishment of a unified household registration system for urban and rural areas, the elimination of the nature of agricultural and non-agricultural household registration, and the type of household registration such as blue-printed household registration, unified Register as a resident account."
In more than two years, all the 31 provinces across the country have introduced relevant household reform programs, and generally proposed to cancel agricultural accounts. For example, Beijing and Shanghai proposed to cancel the classification of agricultural hukou and non-agricultural hukou in this city, and uniformly register as resident hukou; Hunan proposed that the registration of public security organs account no longer marked the nature of hukou, and no longer counted agricultural population and non-agricultural population according to the nature of hukou; Guizhou It is proposed that the “household†column is no longer registered as agricultural or non-agricultural, and is uniformly registered as a household or collective household.
Since 1958, China has divided agricultural hukou and non-agricultural hukou, which brings about differences in rights, guarantees and treatment. The interests of agricultural hukou are mainly responsible land and homestead. The rights of non-agricultural hukou are mainly dependent on some social welfare in household registration, including education, medical care, employment, insurance, housing and so on.
Some people worry that the abolition of agricultural hukou will affect the peasants' existing rights and interests. Lin Yifu, an expert on rural issues and associate professor of the School of Management at Harbin Institute of Technology, pointed out that the reform of the household registration system was not a “agricultural reformâ€, but abolished the peasant’s agricultural hukou status, and renamed the peasants and urban residents into residents and eliminated the identity area. Separation and discrimination will gradually realize the integration of urban and rural social management and equalization of public services.
"Therefore, the abolition of agricultural hukou will not affect the collective rights of collective land, the right to use rural residential land, the right to allocate rural collectives, and the 'three rights'." Lin Yifu said, "unified identity is only a sign. The key to the success of the household registration reform is the follow-up and implementation of various supporting policies, that is, the elimination of differential treatments such as medical care, employment, and housing security attached to the nature of the household registration, and realizing the full coverage of basic urban public services. â€
-- Focus 2: Can you enjoy all kinds of benefits like people in the city?
In the New Deal of Household Registration in Beijing and Shanghai, it is proposed to establish a system of education, health and family planning, employment, social security, housing, land and demographics that is compatible with the unified urban and rural household registration system.
“After the identity of farmers and urban residents is unified, there is no distinction between agricultural hukou and non-agricultural hukou, only geographical differences.†Zhou Yunqing, a professor of sociology at Wuhan University, said that the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents is currently being merged, and the national residents are expected to enjoy equality in the future. Identity and treatment. The “gold content†of the original agricultural hukou has risen, and the peasants have become residents who own the land. In megacities such as Beijing, due to the high land value, agricultural hukou has more “gold content†due to potential land demolition income.
Wang Yukai, a professor at the National School of Administration, said that from farmers to residents, it is not simply a change of name, but also the gradual elimination of the basic public services such as education, employment, medical care, and old-age care.
“In the past, we were only able to declare the 'NRCMS' medical insurance, and the outpatient reimbursement rate was 30%-40%. Now we can choose urban medical insurance, the reimbursement rate is 70%.†Shen Guorong, secretary of Yongfu Village, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang, said that the household registration reform is not only The addition of a household registration book has given farmers a choice.
Wu Cheng, the person in charge of the Huzhou Municipal Public Security Bureau's Household Registration Reform Office, said that the household registration reform systematically guarantees the legitimate rights and interests of farmers who settle in cities and towns, and eliminates their worries of entering the city.
In addition to medical insurance, there are fair educational resources and other benefits. Xu Junsheng, a rural resident of Zaoyang, Hubei, who has been selling sweet potatoes on the streets of Wuhan for a long time, although he is still in the rural area of ​​Zaoyang, he has taken his daughter from rural hometown to Wuhan. "The daughter's hukou is also in the countryside. When I first came over, I thought it would be good to find a migrant children's school in Wuhan. I didn't expect to have a residence permit, my daughter was assigned to a public school, and later I was admitted to Hongshan District. Key secondary school."
According to the data released by the National Development and Reform Commission, the number of children enrolled in the national compulsory education stage last year was 18.109 million, and the proportion of public schools enrolled in schools was 79%. Among them, the number of children who moved into cities was 13.617 million, and the proportion of public schools was 80%. In addition to compulsory education, migrant workers in Sichuan, Chongqing, and Zhejiang have already included migrant workers in the public rental housing security system, and they are equally eligible to apply for public rental housing.